Cyklus foreach
D features a foreach loop which allows
less error-prone and better readable iterations.
Element iteration
Given an array arr of type int[] it is possible to
iterate through the elements using a foreach loop:
foreach (int e; arr) {
writeln(e);
}
The first field in the foreach definition is the variable
name used in the loop iteration. Its type is induced automatically:
foreach (e; arr) {
// typeof(e) is int
writeln(e);
}
The second field must be an array - or a special iterable
object called a range which will be introduced in the next section.
Access by reference
Elements will be copied from the array or range during iteration.
This is acceptable for basic types, but might be a problem for
large types. To prevent copying or to enable in-place
mutation, ref can be used:
foreach (ref e; arr) {
e = 10; // overwrite value
}
Iterate n times
D allows to write iterations which should be executed
n times, more concisely with the .. syntax:
foreach (i; 0..3) {
writeln(i);
}
// 0 1 2
The last number in a..b is excluded from the range,
thus the loop body is executed 3 times.
Iteration with index counter
For arrays, it's also possible to access a separate index variable.
foreach (i, e; [4, 5, 6]) {
writeln(i, ":", e);
}
// 0:4 1:5 2:6
Reverse iteration with foreach_reverse
A collection can be iterated in reverse order with
foreach_reverse:
foreach_reverse (e; [1, 2, 3]) {
writeln(e);
}
// 3 2 1
In-depth
