Foreach

D features a foreach loop which allows less error-prone and better readable iterations.

Element iteration

Given an array arr of type int[] it is possible to iterate through the elements using a foreach loop:

foreach (int e; arr) {
    writeln(e);
}

The first field in the foreach definition is the variable name used in the loop iteration. Its type is induced automatically:

foreach (e; arr) {
    // typeof(e) is int
    writeln(e);
}

The second field must be an array - or a special iterable object called a range which will be introduced in the next section.

Access by reference

Elements will be copied from the array or range during iteration. This is acceptable for basic types, but might be a problem for large types. To prevent copying or to enable in-place mutation, ref can be used:

foreach (ref e; arr) {
    e = 10; // overwrite value
}

Reverse iteration with foreach_reverse

A collection can be iterated in reverse order with foreach_reverse:

foreach_reverse (e; [1, 2, 3]) {
    writeln(e);
}
// 3 2 1

In-depth

• foreach in Programming in D
• foreach with Structs and Classes Programming in D
• foreach specification

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